The prostate (from Greek προστάτης - prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian"[1]) is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. Women do not have a prostate gland, although women do have microscopic paraurethral Skene's glands connected to the distal third of the urethra in the prevaginal space that are homologous to the prostate. The main function of the prostate is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline (pH 7.29) fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that, along with spermatozoa, constitutes semen. The rest of the seminal fluid is produced by the two seminal vesicles. The alkalinity of seminal fluid helps neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract, prolonging the lifespan of sperm. The prostatic part of the urethra develops from the pelvic (middle) part of the urogenital sinus (endodermal origin). Endodermal outgrowths arise from the prostatic part of the urethra and grow into the surrounding mesenchyme. The glandular epithelium of the prostate differentiates from these endodermal cells, and the associated mesenchyme differentiates into the dense stroma and the smooth muscle of the prostate. [2]The prostate glands represent the modified wall of the proximal portion of the male urethra and arises by the 9th week of embryonic life in the development of the reproductive system. Condensation of mesenchyme, urethra and Wolffian ducts gives rise to the adult prostate gland, a composite organ made up of several glandular and non-glandular components tightly fused within a common capsule. Within the prostate, the urethra coming from the bladder is called the prostatic urethra and merges with the two ejaculatory ducts. (The male urethra has two functions: to carry urine from the bladder during urination and to carry semen during ejaculation.) The prostate is sheathed in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which contract during the ejaculatory process. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in older men;[6] the prostate often enlarges to the point where urination becomes difficult. Symptoms include needing to go to the toilet often (pollakisuria) or taking a while to get started (hesitancy). If the prostate grows too large it may constrict the urethra and impede the flow of urine, making urination difficult and painful and in extreme cases completely impossible. BPH can be treated with medication, a minimally invasive procedure or, in extreme cases, surgery that removes the prostate. Minimally invasive procedures include Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA) and Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT). These outpatient procedures may be followed by the insertion of a temporary Prostatic stent, to allow normal voluntary urination, without exacerbating irritative symptoms[7]. The surgery most often used in such cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP or TUR). In TURP, an instrument is inserted through the urethra to remove prostate tissue that is pressing against the upper part of the urethra and restricting the flow of urine. Older men often have corpora amylacea[8] (amyloid), dense accumulations of calcified proteinaceous material, in the ducts of their prostates. The corpora amylacea may obstruct the lumens of the prostatic ducts, and may underlie some cases of BPH. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting older men in developed countries and a significant cause of death for elderly men (estimated by some specialists at 3%). Regular rectal exams are recommended for older men to detect prostate cancer early. In 1993, the Journal of the American Medical Association revealed a connection between vasectomy and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Reported studies of 48,000 and 29,000 men who had vasectomies showed 66 percent and 56 percent higher rates of prostate cancer, respectively. The risk increased with age and the number of years since the vasectomy was performed. However, in March of the same year, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development held a conference cosponsored by the National Cancer Institute and others to review the available data and information on the link between prostate cancer and vasectomies. It was determined that an association between the two was very weak at best, and even if having a vasectomy increased one's risk, the risk was relatively small. Recent scientific breakthroughs have now meant using a Prostatic stent is a viable method of dis-obstructing the prostate. Stents are devices inserted into the urethra to widen it and keep it open. Stents can be temporary or permanent and is mostly done on an outpatient basis under local or spinal anesthesia and usually takes about 30 minutes.
In professional settings massage involves the client being treated while lying on a massage table, sitting upright in a massage chair, or lying on a pad on the floor. The massage subject may be fully, partly or unclothed and the body covered with towels or sheets. Specialized massage tables and chairs are used to position clients during massages. A typical commercial massage table has an easily cleaned, heavily padded surface, and a horseshoe-shaped head support that allows the client to breathe easily while lying face down and can be stationary or portable. An orthopedic pillow or bolster can be used to correct body positioning. Ergonomic chairs serve a similar function as a massage table. Chairs may be either stationary or portable models. Massage chairs are easier for the practitioner to transport than massage tables, and clients do not need to disrobe to receive a chair massage. Due to these two factors, chair massage is often performed in settings such as corporate offices, outdoor festivals, shopping malls, and other public locations. Many different types of oils can be used including fractionated coconut oil, grape seed oil, macadamia oil, sesame oil, pecan oil, and mustard oil. Arnica, from the flowers or leaves of the Arnica montana, may be added olive oil when used medicinally, or almond oil when used as a massage oil.[13] Aromatherapy oils such as neroli oil and pine oil can also be mixed with carrier oils. Ayurveda is a natural health care system originating in India that incorporates massage, yoga, meditation and herbal remedies. Ayurvedic massage, also known as Abhyanga is usually performed by one or two therapists using a heated blend of herbal oils based on the ayurvedic system of humors. Myofascial release refers to the manual massage technique for stretching the fascia and releasing bonds between fascia, integument, and muscles with the goal of eliminating pain, increasing range of motion and equilibrioception. Myofascial release usually involves applying shear compression or tension in various directions, or by skin rolling. Watsu is the combination of hydrotherapy and shiatsu developed by Harold Dull. The work is done in skin temperature water with both the therapist and practitioner in the water, usually a pool which is between 3.5 ft to 4 ft. (100–120�cm) deep. The work entails much movement in the water and practitioners believe that it incorporates the activation of the energy lines derived from shiatsu. Peer-reviewed medical research has shown that the benefits of massage include pain relief, reduced trait anxiety and depression, and temporarily reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and state anxiety.[19] Theories behind what massage might do include blocking nociception (gate control theory), activating the parasympathetic nervous system which may stimulate the release of endorphins and serotonin, preventing fibrosis or scar tissue, increasing the flow of lymph, and improving sleep[5] but such effects are yet to be supported by well designed clinical studies. In the USA licensure is the highest level of regulation and this restricts anyone without a license from practicing massage therapy or by calling themselves that protected title. Certification allows only those who meet certain educational criteria to use the protected title and registration only requires a listing of therapists who apply and meet an educational requirement. [34] People state that they use massage because they believe that it relieves pain from musculoskeletal injuries and other causes of pain, reduces stress and enhances relaxation, rehabilitates sports injuries, decreases feelings of anxiety and depression, and increases general well being.[5] Heinrich Himmler, commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany might have lost faith in German victory due to his discussions with his masseurs Felix Kersten and Walter Schellenberg.[38] Albert Bedane (1893–1980) who provided shelter to a Jewish woman and others during World War II was a massage/physiotherapist. Athletic training • Audiology • Bioengineering • Biomedical science • Chiropractic • Dental hygiene • Dietetics • Electrocardiographic technicians • Emergency medical services • Hemodialysis technicians • Massage therapy • Medical assistants • Medical physics • Medical technologist • Medical transcription • Music therapy • Nuclear medicine technology • Nutrition • Occupational therapy • Optometry • Phlebotomy • Orthotics/Prosthetics • Physical therapy • Podiatry • Psychology • Radiation therapy • Radiography • Radiologic technologist • Respiratory therapy • Speech therapy • Social work • Ultrasonography
Information is the concept of a variety of meanings, from everyday how to use technological changes. In general, the concept of information is closely related to the concept of constraints, communications, control, data, forms, instructions, knowledge and meaning and spiritual stimulation, pattern, perception and representation. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the oldest historical meaning of a word in English information about the act, to give shape or form and spirit, such as education, instruction or training. 1387 quote: "come down from heaven five books of information for mankind." Can also be used in the training, for example, specific instruction. "Melibee reason is the great skill and prudence heard dame, and her wise and technique." (1386) English words were derived by adding the common "substantive action" terminate " Ation "(francais through descendants from the Latin" - tio ") to an earlier verbal notification to the heart to give a sense of form, discipline, instruction and guidance:" wise men to go to King NAKYA and notification. "(1330) itself is notified (via French) from the Latin verb informare, to give form to the formation of ideas. The concept itself is already a Latin word meaning of concepts and ideas are included, however, this May to see how development is influenced by the English-language information is unclear. Information on the quality of the messages sent from one or more receivers. Information is always something (the size parameters, events, etc.). Most Thus, the need for accurate information. You may or lying to the truth, or drop the category of sound. Disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of communication and create misunderstanding in the form of information in this view. However, generally speaking, if the amount of information is displayed, the increase in the received message, the message is more accurate. This model assumes that there is at least one clear of the sender and receiver. Many refinements of the model assumes there is a common language understood by the sender and receiver at least one. Patterns to identify important information to be transmitted to and from the message sent if the sender and receiver have the ability to understand the message. However, there is a clear request the sender, "as the message" model does not attach any significance of what the information to the idea that can be extracted from the environment, for example, Through observation, reading and measurement. The information in terms of many meanings depending on context, which is closely tied to the concept in principle, such as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication, expression and mental stimulation. Plainly speaking, the information in a message received and understood. The data is available, but the fact is defined as a collection from the conclusions drawn in May. There are many other aspects to obtain information, research, knowledge and experience and instruction. However, overall, the process results in a championship organization to operate and manipulate the data will be added to the knowledge of the person receiving please. Other forms of information, information about Fisher, ra concept of Fisher. It is estimated that the application of statistics to use in general and scientific theories. Fisher's information is considered to be the message will carry the amount of information about unobservable parameters. It can be calculated from the knowledge of the likelihood function to define the system. For example, the likelihood function is normal, Fisher information is distributed to each other. If there is no knowledge of the likelihood law, Fisher's information may be calculated from the score normally distributed data with each other as the second moment. Despite the information and data are often used alternately, they are actually quite different. The data is a series of unrelated information, such things are not properly evaluated until used. The evaluation of the time, once the relationship between some important data, and show them some relevant information and then convert them. Now this same data to be used for different purposes. In this way, to convey some information to the data, it is not convenient. Measurement methods to supplement the information provided by the algorithmic information theory. Simply put, this list of measures that the content of the information symbols based on how they are predictable, or more specifically how the list is easy to calculate the program through : The information content of the sequence of the program for the number of bits in the shortest possible to calculate. The following sequence is a very low measurement algorithm is a very predictable pattern since the determination as to continue the pattern will not change. Shannon's information to provide the same information to measure the condition of each symbol, since they are random statistics, each a symbol of the new measure increases. The limit is important to recognize that traditional algorithmic information theory and information theory, from the perspective of human meaning. For example, content about the meaning of the message Shannon careful "message is frequently… these means of communication semantics are irrelevant and engineering aspects of the problem. Is an important aspect of the actual message Appears, one can choose from a set of messages "(emphasis in original). Michael Reddy said " 'signal' is the mathematical theory of the 'pattern that can replace'. Contained in the message signal is not the ability to transmit signals to select from a set of possibilities Message. "Information theory", each system must be designed to operate with selection but this is actually one of choice because it is unknown at this time, design. " Information is any pattern of expression. This view assumes a direct communication with both precision and, instead of the expected representation of the object and the separation between. Consider the following example: the national economy, economic statistics, however inaccurate. What is called a common data and computing, statistics, and other fields, this sense, the form information is displayed. Electromagnetic patterns and computer network connected devices related to the pattern of something other than itself, such as keyboards and displays the text of the letter, please enter. Signals, signs and symbols of this category. On the other hand, symbols, according to the data, symbols and syntax specific information on the specific data. Drawing pictures and information on the range and represent something like the assortment of objects on a table, a profile, or free. In other words, if the pattern of what some other pattern is transposed to the latter, information. This is the case whether or not there was anyone to perceive it. However, information is defined as a pattern only if either of the utility also means that I have components that require information? Perhaps the distinction between students must be unprocessed data and information held by the utility, value or meaning of some of the quantum. This view of the information is actually characterized as a pattern; However, it is a requirement, not a sufficient one. Phone book to the individual entries, follows a certain pattern is formed by name, address, phone number, and not be "beneficial" in some sense, unless held to a certain Utility, value and meaning. For example, someone might look up to his girlfriend's phone number, might be to order takeout, etc. Most of the figures can not be interpreted as "information" in any meaningful sense. Data and information is only closed the gap between the value of some of the actions of the bridge, meaning utilities will be added to convert data and information or just a pattern. When you build a representation of one object from one object to extract from a selection (sampling) and use a system of signs to replace (encoding), or both. Results represent a sampling and encoding. In the first example of the "sample" to products; example of the latter is "a verbal explanation" for the product. Both are included in product information, but inaccurate. When one interprets the expression, one can anticipate a broader pattern from a limited number of observation (reasoning), or a pattern of two different understanding of the relationship (decoding). One example is the first to know if you take a sip of soup is spoiled; example of the latter to consider the footprints of animals and to determine the condition. In both cases, the source or the proposed construction is not some "sender" information. Regardless, the information is dependent, however, is usually unrelated to another independent, or media used to represent. In other words, the theoretical position of a series of bits, or even once interpreted by a computer or similar device output is negligible or non-existence of something is when the information is interpreted. Therefore, the quantity of information is completely separate from the media. Frequently appears as an input information on the type and design of biological device. Enter the two types. Some input is important to the workings of the biological (for example, food) or device (energy). His sense of ecological reserve, dusenbery called these causal. Other inputs (information) is associated with important only because the causal relationship between input and the causal relationship between input to predict the occurrence of the start (and probably other places). Association for some information is more important information, however, ultimately to establish a causal connection must then please. In fact, the information carried in the usual weak stimulus must be detected by a special sense of energy and amplified by the system before the ability to enter or biological device. For example, the light is, in many cases, however, enter a causal relationship between the plant and animal information. The reflection of light-colored flowers are very weak to do this from a lot of photosynthesis, which includes a vision system to detect and bee-bee's nervous system to use the information to guide a bee flowers, found Frequently, bee pollen and nectar, which is a causal relationship between input, to provide nutrition. Information is any type of sensory input. When the biological nervous system and to receive input, it is input to an electrical signal. This is some information to consider. To express the idea is still relevant, but slightly different ways. It has to represent something abstract painting is not specific to the viewer when I saw the painting, it is converted into electrical signals that despite the expression of creating a painting. Thus defined, it is not related to truth, telecommunications, express or object. The purpose of the entertainment, is not generally useful. Music, entertainment, amusement park, novels and other works of such information in a form that sense, but they are not given information on the form, according to some definitions. Consider another example: the food supply for both nutrition and taste who eat these. If information is equated to sensory input, nutrition information then is not, however, is taste. Information is any type of pattern formation affect the pattern of other conventions. In that sense, there is no need for a conscious or captivated, much less to thank the following pattern. Consider, for example, DNA. Nucleotide sequence of the pattern formation and development without affecting the biological need for awareness. System theory to double as the information that is the assumption that information is not necessarily aware of all involved in the circulation pattern (for feedback), you can call the information system. In other words, but said the information is displayed in this sense is what is perceived as potentially creating or expression, which is not presented for the purpose. In 2003, the United States insists JD bekenstein the physics of the growing trend of information to define the physical world as made itself (and therefore information is defined in this way). Information, physics to clearly define the meaning. Examples of this phenomenon of quantum entanglement particle interaction where you can see the speed of light or separation. Faster than the information itself can not travel light indirectly if the information is sent. This could lead to the fact that a physical inspection of all particles trying to "disentangle" relationship to another is slowing down, even though no particles are other ways connected to the non - They carry. Another link is demonstrated by the devil Maxwell's thought experiment. This experiment, the information and a direct causal relationship between the different physical characteristics, entropy, is demonstrated. The result is, it is impossible to destroy information can increase the system's entropy; generate practical terms this often means heat. Another, more philosophical, the result is the possibility of exchanging information on energy as possible. Therefore, this study logic gate is the lower limit of thermal energy is theoretically released by the gate and higher than for a specific gate (Information for the destruction of the gate and a gate just converted to Is not). Physical information is particularly important is that the theory of quantum computers. The record is a special form of information. Essentially, consciously or record information as a product, production, trading and business activities and to retain its value. The main value is evidence of the organization's activities, however, they may be retained in the value of information. Consistent record of sound management to ensure that records are stored for as long as they are needed. The international standard for records management, iso 15489, records defined as "information created, received, as evidence by the organization and the people and maintain information on the legal obligations and carry out the transaction of business" . The International Committee of the Archives (ICA) as defined by the Commission of electronic records as a record, "in particular to generate a record of information collected or received to start or complete enough to work the content, Context and structure to provide proof or evidence of the activity. " Records may be retained value for their business, as part of memory, companies, organizations or to meet legal, fiscal and accountability requirements imposed by the organization. Willis (2005) expressed the view that sound management of business records and information delivery "… 6 of the key requirements of good corporate governance, transparency…; accountability; due process; compliance; meeting rooms and common Law statutory requirements, and security of personal and corporate information. "Concerned about the meaning of the meaning of a communicative act to convey this message. Consider the contents of the communication semantics. Semantics, the meaning of the signs of study - the association between signs and behaviour. Semantics can be considered as a symbol of research and the links between the referents and concepts; particular reference to the road signs in human behaviour. Syntax is concerned about the format used to represent the message. Syntax research in the areas of communication as a form of the system available to the logic and grammar signs. Syntax is devoted to research, rather than the form and content of signs and sign system. Communication exists, usually in the context of some of the social situation. Social context to convey his intention to set up (theory) and the form of communication. Availability is intended to transmit a message to configure a collection of interdependent relationships expressed through sign language is taken from the agents involved in mutual understanding and communication. Agent mutual understanding of the relationship means to understand the language of choice in terms of the agreement syntax (syntax) and meaning. Number of the sender's message and the language of the signal to send, the message is displayed along several communication channels (China). Communications channels are selected by the specific nature of the decision, including the results of the speed of communication will be the kind of distance.
